Osmosis Essays - Chemical Properties, Membrane Technology

Osmosis In my experiment, I plan to find out whether the concentration of sugar in water affects how much water will go in to a potato chip. I will do this by having twelve test tubes three with one molar of sugar solution, three with ? molar sugar solution, three with ? molar sugar solution and three with zero molar sugar solution. I will do three of each so I can take an average from the results. Prediction For the investigation I think that the lower the concentration of sugar in the test tube the larger mass the potato chip will be. I think this because I know that Osmosis is the movement of water molecules across a partially permeable membrane from an area of high water concentration to an area of low water concentration. Therefore the water molecules pass from a high concentration (in the water itself) to a low concentration (in the potato chip). Therefore, the chips in higher water concentrations will have a larger mass than in higher sugar concentrations. Diagram For Prediction This is a diagram for what I predict will happen in the experiment. If the potato is in one Molar solution then the increase in mass due to osmosis will be little, as there is more sugar than water in the solution. If it is in 0.5 Molar solution, it should increase a little. If it is in pure water then the increase will be quite a lot, as there are many water molecules in water, therefore due to osmosis its mass will increase more that the other two experiments. Fair Test In the investigation, I will make it a fair test by keeping the following things the same: 1. Volume of solution ? 20ml 2. Same size boiling tube 3. Same type of potato 4. Temperature ? Room Temperature 5. Same sugar solution 6. Same size potato borer 7. Time left for ? 48hrs 8. Size of potato chip ? 20mm For all of these criteria, having them not uniform in all of the tests would mean it would not be a fair test. For instance if I had a longer potato the surface area would be bigger and there would be more space for osmosis to occur. Apparatus To do this test I will need ? 1. Twelve test tubes 2. Sugar solution 3. Water 4. Twelve potato chips 5. Size 5 borer 6. Ruler 7. Two test tube racks 8. A Knife Diagram These are diagrams of how the apparatus is used. This first one is about boring the holes in the potato This one is the potato chip in the water solution. Method 1. Take about two or three potatoes and bore twelve potato cylinders out of them using borer size 5. 2. Cut the potato cylinders to 20mm, then set aside. 3. Collect twelve test tubes and put in test tube racks. 4. Measure 20, 10 and 15ml of water three times (3 x 20, 3 x 10 and 3 x 15ml water) then 5. Measure 20, 10 and 5ml of sugar solution three times (3 x 20 3 x 10 and 3 x 5ml sugar solution) 6. Mix these in this order, 20ml water in three test tubes. Three test tubes of 10ml water + 10ml sugar solution. Three test tubes of 15ml water and 5ml sugar solution. Finally three test tubes of 20ml sugar solution. 7. Attempt to put all potato chips in at the same time. 8. Leave for 48hrs. 9. Come back in 48hrs time and take all the potato chips out of the test tubes. 10. Roll them carefully on paper towels or other absorbent material to remove excess water. 11. Weigh each chip individually and record the measurement. Results Molar Mass at start Mass at finish Difference Increase in % 1.00 1.68 1.22 -0.46 -27.38 0.50 1.68 1.36 -0.32 -19.05 0.00 1.68 2.20 0.52 30.95 1.00 1.68 1.22 -0.46 -27.38 0.50 1.68 1.38 -0.30 -17.86 0.00 1.68 1.95 0.27 16.07 1.00 1.68 1.21 -0.47 -27.98 0.50 1.68 1.33 -0.35 -20.83 0.00 1.68 1.90 0.22 13.10 Graphs See attached sheets. Conclusion My results show that the mass of the potato in the experiment with one molar of sugar solution decreased by about -27.68 % which means Osmosis must have occurred because the water leaving the potato's cells into the sugar solution decreased the mass as the sugar molecules can't get into the potato as its molecules are too big. The potato that was in 0.5 molar sugar

The Effect of Race on Voter Turnout essays

The Effect of Race on Voter Turnout essays Does voter turnout amongst various races stem from a lack of resources, or just plain laziness? The determining factors have been studied and pondered in the minds of many for years. The effect of race on voter turnout is often hypothesized and associated with lower levels of voter mobilization, weaker mobilizing institutions, and higher barriers to voter participation. Furthermore, America has seen several trends and fluctuations in the turnout of the minority voter throughout history. Unfortunately, minority voters have not been known to forcefully turnout, but rather express a sense of apathy towards elections (Hill and Leighley 1996). Throughout this analyzation I will address these issues and provide various opinions and theories regarding the demographic factor of race on voter turnout. Additionally, voter behavior among races in the most recent presidential election will be included. Lastly, I will take a look at the impact of gender within the demographic factor of rac e. The information and analyzations regarding race and voter turnout are most often based upon ones own theories. In 1949, an author by the name of V. O. Key brought forth one of the most prominent scholarships on this particular topic. He described Southern politics as driven by whites obsession with blacks. According to Key, the political strategies used to maintain control in the black belts from the late 19th century through the immediate post-World War II period-one-party rule and the adoption of various suffrage restrictions, set the tone of the so-called Southern politics. Moreover, because these features of the electoral system did not discriminate in their consequences for voter turnout, both whites and blacks in the South displayed lower levels of turnout than their counterparts in the rest of the nation. Although subsequent scholarship has assumed that Keys observations were relevant only to ...

Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Leadership - Essay Example There are some people in the organization who have tremendous qualities, which can be used for the growth of the organization. A good leader exploits those qualities and makes them unlocked for the attainment of the ultimate objectives of the organization. Some people get misunderstood with leaders and managers. An ideal leader always focuses on the people. The leaders inspire the people; motivate them to do right things and to shape the entities. A leadership has to perform the common activities on the organizational scenario, such as planning, organizing, directing and controlling. It has always been a debate whether the leaders are born or they are made. This debate between nature and nurture in leadership context has been an age-old topic of debate in management field. It is because some people have the innate leadership qualities. For example they are quite outspoken, very aggressive. Further they have natural intelligence. But an effective leadership needs some more traits beyo nd these qualities. The above mentioned qualities certainly are very useful for being good leaders, but it doesn’t mean that if they are absent in the persons, they cannot prove themselves as leaders. The best example of this was Mahatma Gandhi, a charismatic leader, who has a tremendous influence on people. The complicated and huge Indian society despite all its heterogeneous aspects, stood behind him, followed his ideals. Controlling such a hug and diverse nation like India was definitely not an easy task. Mahatma never stood in the benchmark of a good leadership; still he was one of the most influential leaders in the whole world. There are some exclusive qualities of the leaders, which are not found in some of the most influential leaders of the world. Still they have proved themselves as the leaders. No doubt, there are some born leaders. Many leaders have honed their leadership through extensive practice. It is because of their readiness to adapt them and equipped them with some qualities which were previously not in them. Importance of Effective Leadership on Organizational Scenario: In the changing market dynamics the people with various profiles join the organizations. There is fierce competition in the business world. In such crucial circumstances, the organization cannot survive just on the basis of knowledge. No doubt, the sound business knowledge is advantageous but for making things happen. However the effective leadership qualities cannot be neglected. For the survival and growth of the organization, it needs to develop certain strategies effectively. If there is a competition between equally competent organizations, and if the one organization is lacking effective leadership, and the other has a very strong leadership, ultimately the winner will be the organization with effective leadership. Effective leadership is regarded as the highest level of interpersonal dynamics. Learning Outcomes from playing scenarios: To sharpen the leadership qualities among the leaders the simulation has become a smart method. Simulation is nothing but a real life situation in which the trainers have been given the training of becoming the perfect leaders and not just a boss. For this I played games in which five different scenarios were given to me. I played the role the boss. I was not supposed to be just a boss, but to show my leadership qualities. All these scenes were useful for developing the fundamental skill of leadership and

Hospitality industry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Hospitality industry - Essay Example The activities include business, leisure and for other purposes. A tour operator is a person or a company that creates and markets inclusive tours with the sub-contractors to make a package. Most of the tour operators sell through travel agencies and directly to the clients. The player gathers and distributes marketing research and helpful information about the marketing information. They find the customers and use persuasive language to convince the tourist to take the offers made by the tour site owners and operators. The people shape and match the offers with the tourist’s needs and budget for the best offer (Page 2011). They agree to the terms of payment between the customer and owner and assume financial risks. Aer Lingus are tour operators who take their visitors right from Bournemouth Airport. The operators book their clients in sea-view beach resorts. It is a convenient place for their customers as it is easy for the players to take them for boat rides and snorkelling. The heritage site is also a nice place to take the tourists as it shows the culture of the Bournemouth people. Old people in Bournemouth are caring and welcoming to foreigners. Most of the tourists that visit Bournemouth are older couples who look forward to a relaxing vacation. Travel agents purpose is to Plan and sells transportation and accommodations for the tour operators and travel agency clients. The companies determine the destinations for the tourists, means of transport, cost, travel dates and the housing required. Some travel agents also sell tour packages to the tourists. Hays Travel is the largest travel agency in the United Kingdom that transports tourist to and from the UK. The travel agency advises clients on the particular type of hotel they need to stay while on tour. The cottages are also an option if one does not like hotels. The travel agency can fly one from Bournemouth to Antalya, Turkey. It is a coastal town

The Law Of Civil Forfeiture

The Law Of Civil Forfeiture

Apple Chairman’ Statement and Reflective Writing Essay

Apple Inc. is a multiplier company. The California Corporation founded in 1977. Its wholly-owned subsidiaries designs, manufactures and markets personal computers, mobile communication and media equipment, and other internet applications, it provides the products to the different type of customers. The company gives the strategy is free, The Company’s business strategy leverages its unique ability to design and develop its own operating systems, hardware, application software, and services to provide its customers new products. The customer could through App store and iBook store to discover and download official software and third-party applications and books. The Company manages its business primarily on a geographic basis. The Company’s reportable operating main segments include in the Americas, Europe, Japan, Asia-Pacific and Retail. The Retail segment operates Apple-owned retail stores in the U.S. and in international markets. Each operating segment provides similar hardware and software products and similar services to customer. It unified the global organization. The company offers all kinds of products. Firstly, the Mac hardware products included desktop and portable computers. For instance, there are iMac, Mac Book, Mac Book Pro and Mac Book Air. Secondly, there are some small size products included iPhone, iPad, iPod, Apple TV. Thirdly, the Company provides software products and computer technologies. The operating system software has Mac OS X and iOS system. The application software has iLife and iWork system. And there is other application software. Fourthly, Apple Care offers a range of support options for the Company’s customers. Such as the Apple Care Protection Plan is a fee-based service. The Company used all kinds of direct and indirect distribution channels, such as its retail stores, online stores, and direct sales force, and third-party cellular network carriers, wholesalers, retailers, and value-added resellers. The Company believes providing direct contact with its aim customers is an  useful way to show the benefit of its products. The Company sources components from a number of suppliers and manufacturing vendors. In the company competition, the Company’s ability to compete successfully is rely on its ability. The Company continues to develop new products and technologies and to improve existing products that extend the range of its product and intellectual property. The company faced some competition, there are prodigious pressures. Therefore, it needs to improve the quality of products, in the market, research and development new technology in main status. The company is focused on extend on market opportunities. Because of seasonal demand of consumer markets related to the holiday season and the beginning of the school year, it increased net sales. The Company’s operations and performance depend significantly on worldwide economic conditions. Some economic factors could affect demand for the Company’s products and services and the Company’s financial condition and operating results. The following graph shows a five-year comparison of cumulative total shareholder return, calculated on a dividend reinvested basis, and financial statement. We could found that the Apple Inc is a rise trend. Section 2: Reflective writing 1. Description Scanning the Apple Annual Report is organised into sections under the headings. I need to write an executive summary about the annual report. There are 21 headings in the first 26 pages of the annual report. For the short executive summary, it is too much to cover all of them. Therefore, I suppose. Those similar headings, we could join them together to make a single new heading. Finally, the left headings we chosen is 8. I would through those headings to complete the draft executive summary. 2. Feelings I am so interested in the Apple Company. I need to read the Annual Report,  and I need to have a general idea to write the executive summary. Since the Apple Company’s products are very popular in the world. There are many fans for Apple’s products. I want to know more information about the Apple Company. Consequently, when I finished the draft, I could get more detailed information. For instance, the Application Software, products and services. After the draft had completed, I had discussed with my partner. After exchange our ideas I find that we have different views towards the apple product, such as I inclined to choose apple product when buying certain kind of products because I like the apple company than thinking too much about the performance of it, my partner will compare three of more choices and then make decision which best meet his needs though she also like the apple product. I am more a fan than customer to apple product. Think that everyone read the annual report; there are different ideas about it. We could learn from each other. 3. Evaluation I enjoyed about writing the executive summary. Because of this documentation, I was interested in the Apple Company. Though, this summary is very short. I could learn from the management and market strategy. In order to have the market position, it needs to show some special and different facilities. When I read others’ draft and others read my draft. There is a process of mutual learning. We could exchange ideas. From reading the annual report and learnt from others draft; I could draw advantage and improve shortage. It could help me to finish the final version of an Executive Summary. 4. Analysis The draft is general summary about Apple Company’s annual report. Based on each heading, analyzing each part of the report, and I need to write the general idea. I think that writing the summary is a good way to analyze the report. If I have another similar work, I will use same way to analyze it. Every report has many parts. So I need to organize my time when I was working practices and organization. I think that we could analyze the producer, audience and text of the report. Then, I could clearly get the general idea of an article. 5. Conclusion All in all, I think that writing an executive summary need have means of each  part, and give the precise summarization of the annual report. If I have works need to do the next time, I could use the same way as by going through the headings to write the summary. I think the best side is 8 new headings; it narrows the scope of the annual report. We could clearly summarize the report. However, there still down side of doing the work like this . I might ignore some of the important information. From that decreased headings. Section 3: Final version of an Executive Summary Apple Inc. is a multiplier company which founded in 1977. Its wholly-owned subsidiaries designs, manufactures and markets personal computers, mobile communication and media equipment, and other internet applications. The Company’s business strategy is its unique ability to design and develop its own operating systems, hardware, application software, and services to provide its customers new products. The customer could use App store and iBook store to discover and download official software and third-party applications and books. The Company manages its business primarily on a geographic basis. Each operating segment provides similar hardware and software products and similar services to customer. The company offers many kinds of products. Firstly, the Mac hardware products include desktop and portable computers. There are iMac, Mac Book, Mac Book Pro and Mac Book Air. Secondly, there are some small size products included iPhone, iPad, iPod, Apple TV. Thirdly, the Company provides software products and computer technologies. The operating system software has Mac OS X and iOS system. The application software has iLife and iWork system. Fourthly, Apple Care offers a range of support options for the Company’s customers. Such as the Apple Care Protection Plan is a fee based service. The Company used all kinds of direct and indirect distribution channels. They believe that providing direct contact with its aim customers is a useful way to show their benefit of its products. In the company competition, the Company’s ability to compete successfully is relying on its ability. The Company continues to develop new products and technologies and to improve existing products which extend the range of its product and intellectual property. The company is focused on extend on market opportunities. Because of seasonal demand of consumer markets related to the holiday season and the beginning of the school year, it increased net sales. The Company’s operations and performance depend significantly on worldwide economic conditions. It also provided graph shows the a five-year comparison of cumulative total shareholder return, calculated on a dividend reinvested basis, for the Company, the S&P 500 Composite Index, the S&P Computer Hardware Index, and the Dow Jones U.S.

Ðevelopmental Тeed

?My first developmental need is to gain a professional qualification within HR. I have proven to be a thinking performer and am in need of formal qualifications to enhance and strengthen my knowledge, skills and performance within the workplace, in order to satisfy this development need I have enrolled on this CIPD Level 5 certificate in HRM, I also take much pride in reading publications both online and in magazines such as People Management and UCEA updates and following changes within Employment law such as the recent change to pension auto-enrolment.I prefer to take a hands on approach and be involved whenever possible with new projects within the organisation, it is also very important to ensure this is reviewed regularly to ensure I am staying on track. As noted in page 124 of Studying Human Resource Management â€Å"CPD is not a one-off activity; it is a lifelong commitment to continually improving your knowledge and skills† Another career aspiration I have and am worki ng towards is to improve the communication between HR as a department and the rest of the departments within the University.I aim to do this by ensuring regular meetings between ourselves and the departmental managers at which we can raise any on-going issues to ensure all are dealt with correctly and effectively hopefully improving the relationship through communication.I have also started weekly recruitment update e-mails between myself and the department administrator to ensure that recruitment process runs smoothly, I have found that this is very beneficial to both myself and the department and the recruitment process is understood better by the department, the process has also run smoother as it is a chance to push forward any outstanding issues. Need to think of third development need. Attach all 3 to a learning style Reflect on the plan?